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<br />RAISED INTERSECTIONS <br /> <br />DESCRIPTION: A raised intersection is a raised section of roadway at an intersection where <br />the pavement is elevated to be flush with the top of curbing and the approaches are ramped like <br />speed humps. <br /> <br />APPLICATION: This technique has been used extensively in Europe. Raised intersections <br />control speeds in similar fashion to raised crosswalks. They are much more expensive, but they <br />can be used on both local streets and residential arterials and in commercial areas. In the U.S., <br />they have more often been used as enhancements for pedestrian safety and aesthetics in shopping <br />areas, rather than for neighborhood traffic management. The raised intersection may be given a <br />special pavement treatment. The ramp is 10 to 12 feet along the path of the vehicle. Raising the <br />intersection to 3 inches, results in a gentle grade of only 2.1 % which can be easily negotiated by <br />emergency equipment. <br /> <br />LIMITATIONS: Raised intersections slow emergency equipment from 3 to 9 seconds, <br />depending upon the height of the intersection. Raised intersections are relatively expensive, <br />especially if changes in drainage, manholes or other utilities are required, and if decorative <br />pavement treatments are used. Due to the lack of curb separation at the comers of the <br />intersection, some motorists may tend to cut comers. Therefore, a design feature such as <br />bollards may be necessary to keep motorists from driving onto the sidewalk. <br /> <br />ADVANTAGES: <br />. Effective in reducing vehicle speeds <br />. Opportunity for attractive pavement treatments <br />. Improved pedestrian safety at intersections <br /> <br />DISADVANTAGES: <br />. May reduce emergency vehicle response times <br />. May require bollards to define comers of the intersection <br />. Relatively expensive <br /> <br />TYPICAL COSTS: Costs range from $25,000 to $150,000, depending upon the specific design <br />and size of the intersection and drainage issues. Annual maintenance cost is $1;000. <br /> <br /> <br />~~ <br />~' <br />6). . ... <br /> <br />I <br />mJ <br /> <br />City of San Leandro, Engineering and Transportation Page 15 of 23 <br />4/20106 NEIGHBORHOOD TRAFFIC CALMING PROGRAM <br />