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Airport Highlights 2008 0502
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Airport Highlights 2008 0502
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CM City Clerk-City Council
CM City Clerk-City Council - Document Type
Committee Highlights
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5/2/2008
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associated-with adding a fuel dump system to aircraft in production. Considering the more powerful engines that had <br />been developed, the FAA changed the rules to delete the 105% requirement, and FAR 25.1001 was enacted stating a <br />jettison system was not required if the climb requirements of FAR 25.119 (Landing Climb) and FAR 25.121 (Approach <br />Climb) could be met, assuming a 15-minute flight. In other words, for a go-around with full landing flaps and all <br />engines operating, and at approach flap setting and one engine inoperative, respectively. <br />Since most twinjet airliners can meet these requirements, most aircraft of this type such as the Boeing 737 (all models), <br />the DC-9/MD80 and Boeing 717, the A320 family and various regional jet ("RJ") aircraft do not have fuel dump <br />systems installed. In the event of an emergency requiring a return to the departure airport, the aircraft circles nearby in <br />order to consume fuel to get down to within the maximum structural landing weight limit, or if the situation demands it, <br />simply lands overweight without delay. Modern aircraft are designed for possible overweight landings in mind, but this <br />is not done except in cases of emergency, and various maintenance inspections are required afterwards. Many movies <br />and TV news stories mistakenly assume that all aircraft can dump fuel, when in fact most cannot. In certain <br />atmospheric conditions where the moisture content of the air is high, 737s (and other aircraft) flying at low altitudes <br />sometimes leave a moisture trail that can come off the top of the wing, wingtips, or trailing edge flaps. Moisture trails <br />coming off the trailing edge flaps can appear especially odd, since the moisture is being "spun" by aerodynamic forces. <br />It's quite possible that some people observe these moisture trails and may think this is fuel being dumped, but it's just <br />water vapor, and not fuel. <br />Longer-range twin jets such as the Boeing 767 and 777 and the Airbus A300, A310, and A330 may or may not have <br />fuel dump systems, depending upon how the aircraft was ordered, since on some aircraft they are a customer option. <br />Three- and four-engine jets like the Lockheed L-1011, McDonnell Douglas DC-10/MD-11, Boeing 747 and Airbus <br />A340 usually have difficulty meeting the requirements of FAR 25.119 near maximum structural takeoff weight, so <br />most of those have jettison systems. A Boeing 757 has no fuel dump capability as its maximum landing weight is <br />similar to the maximum take-off weight. <br />Fuel dumping operations are coordinated with air traffic control, and precautions are taken to keep other aircraft clear <br />of such areas. Fuel dumping is usually accomplished at a high enough altitude where the fuel will dissipate before <br />reaching the ground. Fuel leaves the aircraft through a specific point on each wing, usually closer to the wingtips and <br />further away from engines, and initially appears as more liquid than vapor. <br />The largest scale fuel dumping occurred on September 11, 2001, when many international flights were refused <br />American airspace entry due to numerous hijacking incidents. Many of these international flights were fueled for travel <br />well into the American interior. Many such flights were diverted into Canadian airspace, Newfoundland specifically, or <br />instructed to return to their point of origin. For those mid-flight aircraft unable to land safely due to excessive fuel <br />weight, dumping became necessary. <br />Dump-and-burn <br />A dump-and-burn is a fuel dump in which the fuel is ignited, <br />intentionally, using the plane's afterburner. A spectacular flame <br />combined with high speed makes this a popular display for <br />airshows or as a fmale to fireworks (e.g., Riverfestival). Dump-and- <br />burns are also referred to as "torching" or "zippos". <br />F-111 aircraft are often used for this purpose in Australia, including <br />during the closing ceremony of the 2000 Olympic Games.[1] Pilots <br />have described the experience as exhilarating, although they cannot <br />see the flame -just the orange glow around them from the intensely <br />bright light. <br />See also <br />An RAAF F-ll 1C with wings swept fully back <br />doing a "torching" (dump-and-burn) routine <br />
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