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The City's Floodplain Management Ordinance requires that new construction, additions and major home improvement projects are raised at least one foot above the base flood elevation. The City is also working with the Alameda County Flood Control and Water Conservation City to increase the carrying capacity of flood control channels. Measures being pursued include redesign of the channels, replacing undersized culverts, and keeping the channels well- maintained and free of debris. Most of the City would be flooded in the event of dam failure at the Lake Chabot or Upper San Leandro Reservoirs, which reservoirs are owned, maintained and operated by the East Bay Municipal Utility District. Such a flood could produce catastrophic damage and casualties in the City. The dams at both reservoirs have been seismically strengthened during the last 30 years, making the risk of failure extremely low. Wildfire. The area of the City east of Interstate 580 is classified as a "moderate" fire hazard by the California Department of Forestry. The lack of a dense tree canopy is a mitigating factor as are the relatively wide streets, gentle slopes and grassland vegetation. Nevertheless, the city lies adjacent to thousands of acres of potentially flammable coastal scrub and forested open space. There are also a number of locations in the city, particularly along San Leandro Creek, with large eucalyptus trees and other highly flammable vegetation and combustible litter. The Uniform Fire Code specifies fire mitigation requirements that are enforced by the City's Building Division. The City also requires fire - resistant roofing materials in new construction and major remodeling projects. Tsunami. Tsunamis are long- period waves usually caused by off -shore earthquakes or landslides. Because the San Leandro shoreline does not face the open ocean, the City believes that its risk of experiencing a tsunami is very low. A 100 -year frequency tsunami would generate a wave run -up of 4.4 feet at the San Leandro shoreline. Most of the shoreline is protected by rip -rap (boulders) and would not be seriously affected. Natural Gas Transmission Pipelines. On September 9, 2010 a Pacific Gas and Electric Company ( "PG &E ") high pressure natural gas transmission pipeline exploded in San Bruno, California, with catastrophic results, including the destruction of 38 homes. There are two similar transmission pipelines and numerous other types of pipelines owned, operated and maintained by PG &E located throughout the City. PG &E's website (www.pge.com) provides information regarding its high pressure natural gas transmission pipelines and its long range natural gas transmission pipeline planning. This information is summarized below. According to its website, PG &E has a comprehensive inspection and monitoring program to ensure the safety of its natural gas transmission pipeline system, and uses a risk management program that inventories each of the 20,000 segments within PG &E's natural gas transmission pipeline system and evaluates them against criteria such as: the potential for third party damage like dig -ins from construction, the potential for corrosion, the potential for ground movement, and 16