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Visit the City of San Leandro website at www.sanleandro.org manufacturers value, such as good freeway and rail access, its own sewage treatment plant, and cheaper rents. Nearly a quarter of San Leandro is zoned for commercial or industrial use, and the city has resisted the urge to rezone it for other things. "The city has always believed industrial land is important for jobs," says Cynthia Battenberg, San Leandro's business-development manager. She says businesses are interested in the fiber loop and there has been no opposition from any quarter. Like many Bay Area cities, San Leandro has lost manufacturing companies in recent years. It still has plants that make Ghiradelli chocolates and Mi Rancho tortillas, among other products, but has lost plants that make Kellogg's cereals and Golden Grain pasta. Decades ago, the city also had heavy manufacturing, with two auto manufacturing plants. Today, there are at least two dozen vacant properties with more than 10,000 square feet of space available within reach of the fiber loop, according to city officials. Gary Fracchia, a commercial broker and partner at Cassidy Turley in Oakland, says it isn't the first time the city has tried to lure high-tech companies, with limited success, but that the fiber loop "will help." He is looking for someone to lease a 140,000-square-foot space that is within the loop and says the rent, at 55 cents to 65 cents a square foot, is "about half" what it would cost in Silicon Valley. San Leandro's loop is small compared with Santa Clara's. Santa Clara started its fiber backbone in 2000 with three customers for its 26-fiber-mile loop. It now has about 20 commercial customers, including companies catering to social media and Web search, and 57 fiber miles. Companies pay for fiber-optic access depending on the level of service they want and amount of data they move. Revenue from the service has grown from about $350,000 the first year to $2.13 million, and it returns $300,000 to $500,000 to Santa Clara each year. "Our aim is not to turn a big profit but to foster business development," says Debby Barry, fiber program manager for Silicon Valley Power, the electric utility that runs the program in Santa Clara. Communications experts say cities need high- speed Internet access to compete for the most tech-savvy companies, especially those involved in large data transfers like gaming, software and Web services. But even companies that aren't often generally thought of as tech companies, like hospitals, have rapidly growing data needs. Mr. Kennedy says San Leandro's fiber optic- needs are modest today, but "you build it for where you're going, not where you've been." Lit San Leandro plans to sell service using a subscription model and is still developing pricing. In exchange for access to the city's underground pipes, the City of San Leandro is getting 10% of the fiber system for its own use. Partnering with the city, Mr. Kennedy says, has eliminated bottlenecks in getting permits. The Lit San Leandro team is also working with development efforts in nearby cities like Hayward, Castro Valley and Oakland. Ms. Clark, the telecommunications consultant, says fiber expansion anywhere is good because "it will produce productivity gains for the whole region."