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<br /> 23 | P a g e <br />City of San Leandro, CA <br />Fiber Master Plan <br /> <br /> <br />Dial-Up – 56Kbps <br />• Legacy Technology <br />• Shared Technology <br />ADSL – 10Mbps <br />• First Generation of DSL <br />• Shared Technology <br />ADSL2 – 24Mbps <br />• Second Generation DSL <br />• Shared Technology <br />Cable – 150Mbps <br />• Data Over Cable (DOCSIS 3.0) <br />• Shared Technology <br />Next Generation Fiber – 1Gbps <br />• Passive Optical, Active Ethernet <br />• Shared and Dedicated Technology <br /> <br />Wireless <br /> <br />Wireless broadband can operate as mobile, hotspot, or fixed. Wireless can also be used <br />as “backhaul” to connect remote locations or sparsely populated areas, where DSL or <br />cable service would not be economically feasible, via long-range directional antenna. <br />Fixed wireless services allow consumers to access the internet from a fixed point while <br />stationary, and often require an external antenna with direct line-of-sight between the <br />wireless transmitter and receiver. Speeds are generally comparable to DSL and cable <br />modem. These services have been offered using both licensed spectrum and unlicensed <br />devices. <br /> <br />Hotspot wireless uses the Wi-Fi standard to provide connectivity for digital devices in an <br />area via physical access points and a router, which interconnects wireless devices to the <br />internet. Hotspots typically operate at 54 Mbps, but the actual bandwidth depends on the <br />quality of the wireless signal and speed of backhaul to the internet. Wi-Fi is a multiple <br />access technology, so bandwidth is shared with other users. While users can move <br />around in the hotspot, they can’t drive away: Wi-Fi does not provide a mobile connection. <br />Wi-Fi is fast and robust, if limited in distance and susceptible to interference because it <br />operates in open, unlicensed spectrum. Wi-Fi hotspots are common at hotels, <br />restaurants, and public buildings for public access. It is used in many homes and <br />businesses for private access. Many WISPs use Wi-Fi, and it is increasingly available <br />from traditional telecoms (AT&T and Comcast have many branded hotspots). Wi-Fi <br />complements cellular data via mobile wireless (users often use it to avoid cellular data <br />caps and slow speeds), and is used in conjunction with wired broadband services—most <br />hotspots connect to the internet via broadband. <br /> <br />Wireless cellular data services, which borders on broadband speeds, are widely available <br />from mobile phone companies. Typically referred to as either 3G or 4G (G for <br />“generation”), mobile connections operate within cells that hand off signals from antenna <br />Figure 10. Physical Bandwidth Capacity Comparisons