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<br /> 31 | P a g e <br />City of San Leandro, CA <br />Fiber Master Plan <br />• Telecommunications: An adequate telecommunications infrastructure is vital for <br />business and community development and underlies the Smart City. 
 <br />• Waste Management: Population growth and accelerating consumption have <br />created a rising tide of waste, outpacing the rate of urbanization. Smart cities can <br />collect and process waste more efficiently and recover materials which have value, <br />with a beneficial impact on public health, the environment and sustainability/zero <br />waste, and cost control. 
 <br />• Water and Wastewater: Like energy, water is critical to everyday life. There is <br />also an energy – water nexus, where it takes water to produce electricity, and <br />electricity to pump water. The Smart City provides intelligence for both energy and <br />water systems and provide the platform for economical and sustainable production <br />of both energy and water. 
 <br /> <br />The City of San Leandro has made progress in many Smart City areas. The following <br />sections will discuss San Leandro in depth, specifically how it can continue along the path <br />to becoming a leading Smart City. <br /> <br />SMART CITY MODEL <br /> <br />Certain trends have emerged on which a Smart City model can be developed. One <br />includes the concept of “regionalization” – meaning that tech-enabled services should be <br />designed and deployed with regional connectivity and interoperability between systems <br />and municipalities in mind. For example, traffic congestion affects the entire region, not <br />just a single municipality. And for that matter, a single city may have several municipal <br />organizations operating within it, including the City, water and utility districts, transit <br />agencies, and services provided by a county. All of these agencies may operate disparate <br />systems, yet a service such as one <br />intended to decrease traffic <br />congestion, in order to be fully <br />effective, must work across these <br />systems. The concept of <br />regionalization rests on the <br />principles of inter and intra agency information sharing, interoperability and connectivity. <br /> <br />Building on this, a Smart City must <br />also have an organization structure and culture that supports it. This rests on <br />supporting innovation, creativity, <br />and big-picture thinking. It also <br />requires a willingness to try new <br />things and develop ways to innovate <br />Figure 12. Smart City Model