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INTERNET OF THINGS In addition to LED lighting and small cell devices, street lights can also be used to install addition devices for Smart City technology. These devices, or "things," constitute a concept called the Internet of Things (IoT) and can include: Sensors: Sensors are an area of many current and potential applications. The light pole is ideal for accommodating sensors, as the poles already have electricity, and provide sensors an aerial advantage. Additionally, light poles are great for transmitting wireless signals due to their height. Sensors are used to monitor air quality, weather conditions, and motion. Law enforcement can employ them for parking enforcement, contacting emergency services in the event of an accident, and security cameras. Motion sensors could be configured to dynamically light up a section of road when vehicular or pedestrian movement is detected and switch off or reduce the illumination in the absence of any movement, aiding in public safety. Additionally, the sensors and networks can be sensitive to sunrise and sunset for LED operating hours, or the dimming of the lighting can be set to a schedule to accommodate City needs. Besides the cost savings, there are many other benefits from smart lights. The system can be used to control stop lights from a central location. One example of a public safety application enabled is for a fire truck to remotely activate the system to have street lights flash red ahead of the truck's route. Drivers are thus warned that an emergency vehicle is approaching, and it reduces travel times for the emergency vehicle. Solar Panels: Solar panels are now being deployed onto street lights, enabling cities to realize a net zero energy cost in relation to the energy consumed by the lamps. However, the majority of the products currently on the market require another "head" on the lamp with the solar equipment built into it. The market is evolving and allowing for smaller, more efficient use of the light pole for solar powered energy. In these newer designs, the solar panels are on the physical poles. This Plan recommends that the City continue to evaluate opportunities to deploy sensors and technology on its street lights and poles that advance its Smart City goals. The map below shows the very substantial array of "smart grid" light poles within San Leandro and their proximity to fiber that, combined with "Smart Technology," can provide the necessary backhaul for wireless services as well as other "Smart City" applications. The term "mobility" can be applied to several things, many of which relate to core missions and functions of municipalities. Mobility in a society — "social mobility" — refers to the movement of individuals, families, or groups through a system of social hierarchy or 411 P City of San Leandro, CA Fiber Master Plan