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21 THE CITY AND CITY FINANCIAL INFORMATION General The City. The City was incorporated in 1872 and is one of the oldest communities in the San Francisco Bay area. Prior to its incorporation, the land that would become the City was inhabited by the ancestors of the Ohlone Nation, and was further developed by Spanish and Portuguese settlers. From 1856 until 1868, the City served as the county seat of Alameda County (the “County”) in the State. The City consists of approximately 15 square miles in the central part of the County, approximately 20 miles southeast of San Francisco between the cities of Oakland and Hayward, bordered on the west by the San Francisco Bay. The City is a diverse community with residential, commercial, and industrial development within the City. The City has long been home to many food processing operations, including Ghirardelli and Coca–Cola. There are five shopping centers: Bayfair Center, Westgate Center, Greenhouse Shopping Center, Marina Square Center, and Pelton Plaza. The County. As of January 1, 2018, the County had a population estimated at approximately 1,660,200, making it the eighth most populous county in the State. The County includes the cities of Oakland and Berkeley, and Oakland is its county seat. The County occupies most of the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area, spanning a total area of 821 square miles, including 737 square miles of land and 83.57 underlying bodies water. The San Francisco Bay borders the County on the west, and the City and County of San Francisco has a small land border with the County due to land filling. The crest of the Berkeley Hills forms part of the northeastern boundary, and reaches into the center of the County. A coastal plain several miles wide lines the San Francisco Bay; it is home to the City of Oakland and the County’s most populous regions. Livermore Valley lies in the eastern part of the County. The Hayward Fault, a major branch of the San Andreas Fault to the west, runs through the most populated parts of the County, while the Calaveras Fault runs through the southeastern part of the County. See “RISK FACTORS – Natural Calamities.” The northern part of the County has direct access to the San Francisco Bay and the City and County of San Francisco. The County is diversified with residential areas, as well as traditional heavy industry, the University of California at Berkeley, the Port of Oakland, and manufacturing, computer services and biotechnology firms. The middle of the County is also highly developed including older established residential and industrial areas. The southeastern corner of the County has experienced strong growth in residential development and manufacturing. Population The City’s population at January 1, 2018, the most recent estimate, was 87,598 according to the State Department of Finance. The following table shows population estimates for the City, the County and the State for the last five years.