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3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL CHECKLIST <br />1388 Bancroft Avenue Project City of San Leandro <br />Initial Study/Mitigated Negative Declaration November 2018 <br />3.0-8 <br />the summer average in the mid-70s, with minimums in the mid-50s. Winter highs are in the mid to high 50s, with lows in the low to mid 40s. <br />The air pollution potential is lowest for the parts of the subregion that are closest to the bay, largely <br />due to good ventilation and less influx of pollutants from upwind sources. The occurrence of light <br />winds in the evenings and early mornings occasionally causes elevated pollutant levels. The air pollution potential at the northern (Richmond) and southern (Oakland, San Leandro) parts of this subregion is marginally higher than in communities directly east of the Golden Gate because of <br />the lower frequency of strong winds. <br />This subregion contains a variety of industrial air pollution sources. Some industries are quite close to residential areas. The subregion is also traversed by frequently congested major highways, a <br />significant source of air pollutants (BAAQMD 2017a). <br />Air Pollutants of Concern <br />Criteria Air Pollutants <br />The air pollutants emitted into the ambient air by stationary and mobile sources are regulated by federal and state laws. These regulated air pollutants are known as criteria air pollutants and are <br />categorized into primary and secondary pollutants. Primary air pollutants are those that are <br />emitted directly from sources. Carbon monoxide (CO), reactive organic gases (ROG), nitrogen oxide (NOX), sulfur dioxide (SO2), coarse particulate matter (PM10), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), <br />lead, and fugitive dust are primary air pollutants. Of these, CO, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5 are criteria <br />pollutants. ROG and NOX are criteria pollutant precursors and go on to form secondary criteria <br />pollutants through chemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are the principal secondary pollutants. <br />Common sources and health effects of criteria air pollutants are summarized in Table 3.3-1. <br />TABLE 3.3-1 <br />CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANTS – SUMMARY OF COMMON SOURCES AND EFFECTS <br />Pollutant Major Man-Made Sources Human Health & Welfare Effects <br />Carbon <br />Monoxide (CO) <br />An odorless, colorless gas formed when carbon <br />in fuel is not burned completely; a component <br />of motor vehicle exhaust. <br />Reduces the ability of blood to deliver oxygen to <br />vital tissues, effecting the cardiovascular and <br />nervous system. Impairs vision, causes dizziness, <br />and can lead to unconsciousness or death. <br />Nitrogen <br />Dioxide (NO2) <br />A reddish-brown gas formed during fuel <br />combustion for motor vehicles, energy utilities <br />and industrial sources. <br />Respiratory irritant; aggravates lung and heart <br />problems. Precursor to ozone and acid rain. <br />Contributes to nutrient overloading which <br />deteriorates water quality. Causes brown <br />discoloration of the atmosphere. <br />Ozone (O3) <br />Formed by a chemical reaction between <br />reactive organic gases (ROGs) and nitrous <br />oxides (NOx) in the presence of sunlight. <br />Common sources of these precursor pollutants <br />include motor vehicle exhaust, industrial <br />emissions, solvents, paints and landfills. <br />Irritates and causes inflammation of the mucous <br />membranes and lung airways; causes wheezing, <br />coughing and pain when inhaling deeply; <br />decreases lung capacity; aggravates lung and <br />heart problems. Damages plants; reduces crop <br />yield.