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Housing Needs Assessment <br /> <br />Draft Housing Element 2-19 <br />helped residents install ramps, grab bars and other accessibility improvements, and conduct roof <br />repair and replacement, energy efficient upgrades, yard-cleanup, and earthquake retrofits. <br />2.9.3 Large Households <br />Large households (defined as five or more persons per household) are a special needs group due to <br />the typically limited supply of adequately sized and affordable housing units appropriate for large <br />households. As referenced in Section 2.9, Large Households, San Leandro had a total of 4,002 large <br />households according to the 2015-2019 ACS. As estimated in Section 2.23, Housing Unit Size, San <br />Leandro had a total of 4,348 housing units with 4 or more bedrooms, indicating that San Leandro <br />has sufficient housing units to accommodate large households residing in the city. <br />Resources for Large Households <br />Lower and moderate-income large households can benefit from affordable housing programs, <br />including the City’s first-time homebuyer assistance program, fair housing and tenant/landlord <br />counseling, and affordable housing development. <br />2.9.4 Female-Headed Households <br />Single-parent families, particularly female-headed 7, single-parent families with children, often <br />require special consideration and assistance because they have a higher housing cost burden <br />relative to the general population and may require accessible day care, health care, and other <br />supportive services. Female-headed families with children are a particularly vulnerable group. <br />Studies have shown that female-headed households are more likely to be affected by poverty and <br />housing discrimination than male-headed households.8 <br />Table 2.19 shows female-headed families by poverty status. The 2015-2019 ACS data defines <br />“family” as a group of people related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together. <br />According to 2015-2019 ACS estimates, nearly 13 percent of single-parent, female-headed families <br />earned an income below the poverty level within 12 months prior to the ACS survey, compared to <br />approximately 6 percent of female-headed families without children present. More than 11 percent <br />of all families in San Leandro are single-parent, female-headed families, and approximately 1.3 <br />percent of all families (272) in San Leandro are single-parent, female-headed families with incomes <br />below the poverty level. <br />Table 2.19 Female-Headed Families by Poverty Status in San Leandro <br />Family Type <br />Above <br />Poverty Level <br />Below Poverty Level <br />(Percent Below Poverty) <br />Total <br />Families <br />Percent of Total <br />Families in San Leandro1 <br />Female-Headed Families <br />With Children <br />2,079 269 (12.9%) 2,348 11.2% <br />Female-Headed Families <br />Without Children <br />1,819 109 (6.0%) 1,928 9.2% <br />1 The total number of families in San Leandro in the 2015-2019 ACS is 20,941. The Census defines “family” as a group of <br />two people or more (one of whom is the householder) related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together; all <br />such people (including related subfamily members) are considered as members of one family. A “female-headed family” is <br />one in which an adult female is the sole or main income producer and decision-maker. <br />See https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/cps/technical-documentation/subject-definitions.html <br />Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 5-Year Data (2015-2019), Table B17012 <br /> <br />7 Household in which an adult female is the sole or main income producer and decision-maker. <br />8 Quets, Q. A Gender Lens on Affordable Housing (2016)