Reso 2026-003 Investment Policy - Laserfiche WebLink

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San Leandro Investment Policy Statement Page 15 of 18 financial instrument the value of which is totally or partially derived from the value of another instrument, interest rate, or index. DISCOUNT. The difference between the par value of a bond and the cost of the bond, when the cost is below par. Some short-term securities, such as T-bills and banker’s acceptances, are known as discount securities. They sell at a discount from par, and return the par value to the investor at maturity without additional interest. Other securities, which have fixed coupons, trade at a discount when the coupon rate is lower than the current market rate for securities of that maturity and/or quality. DIVERSIFICATION. Dividing investment funds among a variety of investments to avoid excessive exposure to any one source of risk. DURATION. The weighted average time to maturity of a bond where the weights are the present values of the future cash flows. Duration measures the price sensitivity of a bond to changes in interest rates. (See modified duration). FEDERAL FUNDS RATE. The rate of interest charged by banks for short-term loans to other banks. The Federal Reserve Bank through open-market operations establishes it. FEDERAL OPEN MARKET COMMITTEE. A committee of the Federal Reserve Board that establishes monetary policy and executes it through temporary and permanent changes to the supply of bank reserves. LEVERAGE. Borrowing funds in order to invest in securities that have the potential to pay earnings at a rate higher than the cost of borrowing. LIQUIDITY. The speed and ease with which an asset can be converted to cash. LOCAL AGENCY INVESTMENT FUND (LAIF). A voluntary investment fund open to government entities and certain non-profit organizations in California that is managed by the State Treasurer’s Office. LOCAL GOVERNMENT INVESTMENT POOL. Investment pools that range from the State Treasurer’s Office Local Agency Investment Fund (LAIF) to county pools, to Joint Powers Authorities (JPAs). These funds are not subject to the same SEC rules applicable to money market mutual funds. MAKE WHOLE CALL. A type of call provision on a bond that allows the issuer to pay off the remaining debt early. Unlike a call option, with a make whole call provision, the issuer makes a lump sum payment that equals the net present value (NPV) of future coupon payments that will not be paid because of the call. With this type of call, an investor is compensated, or "made whole." MARGIN. The difference between the market value of a security and the loan a broker makes using that security as collateral. MARKET RISK. The risk that the value of securities will fluctuate with changes in overall market conditions or interest rates. MARKET VALUE. The price at which a security can be traded. MARKING TO MARKET. The process of posting current market values for securities in a portfolio. Exhibit A Resolution No. 2026-003 Page 15