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San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy <br />16 July 2012 TellusVenture Associates Page 69 <br />commercial grade service. A DS -3 or dark fiber strands are <br />examples of industrial grade service. <br />Inet <br />Institutional Network. Provides a high -speed connection <br />between government, educational and community entities. It is <br />often negotiated with a cable franchise, in exchange for using <br />right- of -way in a jurisdiction. <br />ISP <br />Internet Service Provider: A company providing Internet access <br />to consumers and businesses, acting as a bridge between <br />customer (end -user) and infrastructure owners for dial -up, cable <br />modem and DSL services. <br />LAN <br />Local Area Network: A geographically localized network <br />consisting of both hardware and software. The network can link <br />workstations within a building or multiple computers with a <br />single wireless Internet connection. <br />Last mile <br />Infrastructure (e.g. fiber optic lines, distribution boxes, <br />equipment vaults, poles, conduit) that provides broadband <br />service to end users or end- user devices (including households, <br />and businesses). <br />Local Loop <br />A generic term for the connection between the customer's <br />premises (home, office, etc.) and the provider's serving central <br />office. Historically, this has been a wire connection; however, <br />wireless options are increasingly available for local loop <br />capacity. <br />MAN <br />Metropolitan Area Network: A high -speed date intra -city <br />network that links multiple locations with a campus, city or <br />LATA. A MAN typically extends as far as 50 kilometers. <br />Mbps <br />Megabits per second: 1,000,000 bits per second. A measure of <br />how fast data can be transmitted. <br />Middle mile <br />Broadband infrastructure that does not predominantly provide <br />broadband service to end users or to end -user devices, and may <br />include interoffice transport, backhaul, Internet connectivity, or <br />special access. Middle mile facilities are the link between last <br />mile facilities and major interconnection points, such as those <br />that form the core of the Internet. <br />Modem <br />Short for modulator /demodulator. A modem modulates outgoing <br />digital data into analog signals so they can be sent over copper <br />16 July 2012 TellusVenture Associates Page 69 <br />