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SAN LEANDRO SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT DRAFT EIR <br />CITY OF SAN LEANDRO <br />AIR QUALITY <br />lung tissue. 03 can also damage plants and trees and materials such as rubber and fabrics." The Air <br />Basin is designated nonattainment of the 1 -hour California AAQS and 8 -hour California and National <br />AAQS for 03.16 <br />■ Lead (Pb) is a metal found naturally in the environment as well as in manufactured products. The <br />major sources of lead emissions have historically been mobile and industrial sources. As a result of the <br />phase-out of leaded gasoline, metal processing is currently the primary source of lead emissions. The <br />highest levels of lead in air are generally found near lead smelters. Other stationary sources are waste <br />incinerators, utilities, and lead -acid battery manufacturers. <br />Twenty years ago, mobile sources were the main contributor to ambient lead concentrations in the <br />air. In the early 1970s, the EPA set national regulations to gradually reduce the lead content in <br />gasoline. In 1975, unleaded gasoline was introduced for motor vehicles equipped with catalytic <br />converters. The EPA banned the use of leaded gasoline in highway vehicles in December 1995. As a <br />result of the EPA's regulatory efforts to remove lead from gasoline, emissions of lead from the <br />transportation sector and levels of lead in the air decreased dramatically. 17 The Air Basin is designated <br />in attainment of the California and National AAQS for lead." Because emissions of lead are found only <br />in projects that are permitted by BAAQMD, lead is not an air quality of concern for the Project. <br />Toxic Air Contaminants <br />Public exposure to TACs is a significant environmental health issue in California. In 1983, the California <br />Legislature enacted a program to identify the health effects of TACs and to reduce exposure to these <br />contaminants to protect the public health. The California Health and Safety Code define a TAC as "an air <br />pollutant which may cause or contribute to an increase in mortality or in serious illness, or which may <br />pose a present or potential hazard to human health" A substance that is listed as a hazardous air <br />pollutant pursuant to Section 112(b) of the federal Clean Air Act (42 U.S. Code Section 7412[b]) is a toxic <br />air contaminant. Under State law, the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal/EPA), acting <br />through CARB, is authorized to identify a substance as a TAC if it is an air pollutant that may cause or <br />contribute to an increase in mortality or serious illness, or may pose a present or potential hazard to <br />human health. <br />California regulates TACs primarily through AB 1807 (Tanner Air Toxics Act) and AB 2588 (Air Toxics "Hot <br />Spot" Information and Assessment Act of 1987). The Tanner Air Toxics Act sets up a formal procedure for <br />CARB to designate substances as TACs. Once a TAC is identified, CARB adopts an "airborne toxics control <br />measure" for sources that emit designated TACs. If there is a safe threshold for a substance (i.e., a point <br />below which there is no toxic effect), the control measure must reduce exposure to below that threshold. <br />If there is no safe threshold, the measure must incorporate toxics best available control technology to <br />15 Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), 2010 (Revised 2011). Appendix C: Sample Air Quality Setting, in <br />California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines. <br />16 California Air Resources Board (CARB), 2014, Area Designations: Activities and Maps, http://www.arb.ca.gov/desig/ <br />adm/adm.htm, June. <br />" Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), 2010 (Revised 2011). Appendix C: Sample Air Quality Setting, in <br />California Environmental Quality Act Air Quality Guidelines. <br />" California Air Resources Board (CARB), 2014, Area Designations: Activities and Maps, http://www.arb.ca.gov/desig/ <br />adm/adm.htm, June. <br />PLACEWORKS 4.2-7 <br />