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<br /> <br />generated by the 1964 Alaskan earthquake caused wave heights of up to 1.1 meters along <br />the coasts of San Francisco, Marin and Sonoma Counties. The 2011 tsunami created by the <br />M9.0 Tohoku earthquake did not cause damage inside the Bay, but did cause damage to <br />marinas and ports in both Santa Cruz and Crescent City. California has been fortunate in <br />past distant-source tsunamis (1960, 1964, and 2011) that the events occurred during low <br />tides.15 <br />In 2013, the USGS, in partnership with the US Department of the Interior, published a <br />tsunami scenario as part of the Science Application for Risk Reduction (SAFRR) series.16 In <br />the scenario, the multi-disciplinary team modeled a M9.1 offshore Alaskan earthquake to <br />study impacts to California (Figure 7). Assuming that the tsunami reaches the central coast <br />at high tide, the Bay Area can expect heights ranging from two to seven meters near the <br />shore. The study suggests that this scenario inundation is only likely to occur once in a 100 <br />year period. <br />In addition to the scenario inundation maps, CalOES developed tsunami evacuation maps <br />indicating areas that should evacuate if a warning is given (Figure 8). The CalOES tsunami <br />maps are not associated with a particular event but instead represent the worst-case <br />scenario at any given location by combining a suite of extreme, but plausible, inundation <br />scenarios. Additionally, the maps include no information about the probability of a tsunami <br />affecting an area at any given time. Because of this, it is not intended to show locations of <br />probable inundation but should be used for evacuation planning only. In general, the <br />CalOES tsunami evacuation map is more conservative than the USGS SAFRR study; <br />however, there are a few locations where the SAFRR study shows greater inundation. <br /> <br /> <br />15 Ross, S.L., and Jones, L.M, eds., (2013) <br />16 Ibid