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<br /> <br /> Bay Area Clean Water Agencies | City of San Leandro Final Report | 25 <br />mining/fabrication. For example, converting energy demand to GHG emissions is based on <br />additional energy demand (kWh/yr) associated with plant optimization and/or upgrade strategies, <br />followed by a conversion from energy to GHG emissions. The process and fugitive emissions <br />associated with nitrous oxide emissions were not quantified. It is anticipated that nitrous oxide <br />emissions would increase as a plant transitions from secondary treatment to nitrogen removal due to <br />cycling between oxic and anoxic conditions. <br />A summary of the relative change in GHG emissions with respect to current emissions is provided in <br />Table 8-1. In general, the GHG emissions increase with more advanced treatment which is in-line <br />with the trends presented in Figure 8-1. Energy is the predominant contributor to GHG emissions, <br />regardless of treatment level. The increase in GHG emissions associated with the most stringent <br />Level 3 targets is primarily due to additional energy required to reduce both TN and TP, <br />compounded with additional chemicals.