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Housing Constraints Draft Housing Element 3-23 of four stories and 45 feet to provide an appropriate development intensity for their location near transit. Structures near residential uses are required to stagger the height to create a daylight plane and not create significant shadows on existing residences. Overall, the B-TOD District was established to implement the B-TOD Specific Plan which seeks to establish a dynamic new multi-model transit-oriented development area. The residential density and height standards promote the development of high-density housing units and are not considered a constraint to housing. Citywide Residential Parking Requirements According to the Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley, parking can cost $25,000 to $75,000 per space to construct.19 Requiring less parking not only reduces the project budget of residential developments but can allow for more space to build housing units. Parking standards for developments meeting the State Density Bonus law require a ratio of 0.5 parking spaces per unit for affordable and senior housing development and no more than 0.3 parking spaces per unit for special needs housing development. In residential areas, parking requirements are governed by the San Leandro Zoning Code and are summarized in Table 3.6. Two non-tandem covered off-street spaces are required for most single-family homes, consistent with other jurisdictions in the region. Table 3.6 Residential Parking Requirements Housing Type Requirements Single-Family Dwelling 2 covered spaces per unit. New single-family dwellings or additions with more than 4 bedrooms or over 4,000 square feet of livable area shall require one additional space which may be uncovered and in tandem if it is located a minimum of 30 feet back from the front property line. Two-Family Dwelling 2 spaces per unit, including 1 covered South Area Only  2, including 1 covered, per unit (tandem allowed) Downtown Area Only  1 covered per unit for areas adjacent to BART  1.5 per unit, including 1 covered, for all other areas Multi-Family Dwelling (per unit) Studio or One-Bedroom Unit  1 covered space per unit plus 0.5 uncovered space per unit; plus 0.25 space per unit for guest parking  South Area Only: 1.0 covered space, plus 0.5 guest space, per unit (tandem may be considered)  Downtown Area Only: ≤ 0.25 mile to BART: 1.0 space per unit (plus allowance of unbundled flex parking of 0.25 to 0.50 spaces/unit at developer’s option)  Bay Fair TOD Only –Sub Area 1: maximum 1.0 space per unit.  Bay Fair TOD Sub Area 2 and 3: minimum 0.5 spaces per unit, maximum 1.0 space per unit Two-Bedroom Unit  2.0 covered spaces per unit plus 0.25 uncovered space; plus 0.25 space per unit for guest parking 19 Terner Center for Housing Innovation at UC Berkeley, 2016. Available at: http://ternercenter2.berkeley.edu/proforma/