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Housing Constraints Draft Housing Element 3-45 potential presence of these substances may require special procedures when remodeling or demolishing older buildings. The City ensures that the necessary steps are taken to clean up residual hazardous wastes on any contaminated sites proposed for redevelopment or reuse. Soil evaluations are required as needed to ensure that risks are assessed, and appropriate remediation is provided. Developing on these sites can involve costs to remediate contaminated soil or groundwater or demolish buildings containing hazardous materials. Remediation of hazardous material that requires removal can result in additional costs that may pose a constraint on development. The remediation cost would typically be on the developer to address the clean-up. 3.3.7 Aviation Hazards The Oakland International Airport and the Hayward Airport are located in close proximity to San Leandro. The Hayward Airport is located approximately 2.5 miles south of the city. The Oakland International Airport is located approximately 600 feet north of the San Leandro border. The San Leandro Zoning Code Section 4.04.352 identifies restrictions for development based on proximity from an airport runway, ensuring compatibility with the airport safety zones established for Metropolitan Oakland International Airport by the Alameda County Airport Land Use Commission and set forth in the Airport Land Use Policy Plan. Section 4.04.352 sets forth the following provisions:  Residential development is not a permitted use within 1,400 feet from the end of a runway.  New uses shall not be residential within 1,400 feet to 5,300 feet from the end of a runway. Airport safety zones are not considered a constraint due to the relatively minor amount of land use covered under these zones. 3.4 Infrastructure Constraints Infrastructure concerns that could constrain new residential construction are the cost, availability, and accessibility of adequate infrastructure for utilities and service systems such as street upgrades, water and sewer connections, and energy connections. All utilities are required to serve and support residential development. In most cases, these improvements are dedicated to the City, which is then responsible for their maintenance. The cost of these facilities is generally borne by developers, thereby increasing the cost of new construction. San Leandro’s infrastructure is aging and requires regular repair and improvement.37 Water Water service to San Leandro is provided by EBMUD, a publicly-owned utility serving a 332 square mile area in Alameda and Contra Costa Counties. San Leandro comprises 6.6 percent of EBMUD’s customer base and about 5 percent of its water demand. About 90 percent of the EBMUD water supply originates in the Mokelumne River watershed, which is fed primarily from the melting snowpack of the Sierra Nevada. The remaining 10 percent comes from protected watershed lands and reservoirs in the East Bay Hills. There are also about 800 private wells in San Leandro, many of 37 City of San Leandro Potential Constraints to Housing Production. 2015. Available: https://www.sanleandro.org/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=25633. Accessed October 28, 2021