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17 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN miles west of the City, could produce an earthquake with similar damage to the City as the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. Extreme Heat The San Francisco Bay Area can experience extreme heat days, typically defined as a period of high heat and humidity with temperatures above 90°F for at least two to three days. Extreme heat days pose a public health threat, causing symptoms such as exhaus�on, heat cramps, and sunstroke. Elderly persons, small children, those on certain medica�ons or drugs, and persons with weight and alcohol problems are par�cularly suscep�ble to heat reac�ons. Extreme heat events tend to occur during the summer months on a regional basis and can happen in any por�on of the City of San Leandro. Climate change is expected to increase ambient average air temperature, par�cularly in the summer. The frequency, intensity, and dura�on of extreme heat events and heat waves are also likely to increase in associa�on with regional climate impacts. Historically, the San Francisco Bay Area experiences four extreme heat days yearly. Flood Poten�al flooding hazards in San Leandro are associated with overbank flooding of creeks and drainage canals, �dal flooding from San Francisco Bay, ponding and sheet flow runoff, and rising sea levels. The City of San Leandro is primarily suscep�ble to flooding during winter when it receives most of its rainfall. Although isolated flooding has occurred in San Leandro, there are no repe��ve loss proper�es in the City of San Leandro. However, areas of the City are suscep�ble to localized flooding due to heavy rains or winter storms. Floods can cause injuries and death, damage structures, disrupt u�li�es, and isolate communi�es. In addi�on to rising water levels, flooding causes pavement deteriora�on, washouts, landslides/mudslides, scatered debris, and downed trees. Levee Failure San Leandro has no levees due to land adjacent to the bay lying above sea level. San Leandro’s shoreline has been armored with rip rap to ensure that bay water does not erode the shoreline. Landslide In the San Francisco Bay Area, landslides typically occur as a result of earthquakes or during heavy and sustained rainfall events. An area’s suscep�bility depends on geology, topography, vegeta�on, and hydrology. Landslides can cause injuries and death, damage structures, disrupt u�li�es, and isolate communi�es. Por�ons of the City east of Highway I-580 are at the most significant risk for weather-induced landslides. The City of San Leandro has not experienced any earthquake-induced landslides, but landslides associated with atmospheric river weather events have occurred. Sea Level Rise Rising sea level is a developing, global issue that will con�nue to impact San Leandro throughout the 21st century. A significant rise in sea level due to global warming is likely to affect the ecology of San Leandro’s shoreline marshes significantly. It could also increase erosion along the waterfront and raise the hazard of �dal flooding along Neptune Drive and nearby streets.