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II. Emissions Inventory A. Reasoning, Methodology & Model ICLEf's Cities for Climate Protection methodology enables local govemments to systematically estirnate and track greenhouse gas emissions from energy use and waste related activities at the community-wide scale and those resulting directly form municipal operations. The municipal operations inventory is a subset of the community-scale inventory. Once completed, these inventories provide the basis for creating an emissions forecast and reduction target, and enable the quantifIcation of emissions reductions associated with implemented and proposed measures. J. Hmissions Analysis Sojtware To facilitate local govemment efforts to identify and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, ICLEI developed the Clean Air and Climate Protection (C^CP) Software package with Torrie Smith Associates. This software estimates emissions derived from energy consumption and waste generation within a community. The CACP software determines emissions using specific factors (or coefficients) according to the type of fuel used. Emissions are aggregated and reported in terms of equivalent carbon dioxide units, or eC02. Converting all emissions to equivalent carbon dioxide units allows for the consideration of different greenhouse gases in comparable temlS. For example, methane is twenty-one times more powerful than carbon dioxide in its capacity to trap heat, so the model converts one ton of methane emissions to 2 I tons of eC02. The emissions coefficients and methodology employed by the software arc consistent with national and international inventory standards establ ished by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (1996 Revised IPCC Guidelines for the Preparation of National GHG Emissions Inventories), the u.s. V oluntary Greenhouse Gas Reporting Guidelines (!c:lA form1605), and, for emissions generated from solid waste, the U.S. EPA's Waste Reduction Model (W ^RM). The C^CP software has been and continues to be used by over 200 U.S. cities and counties to quantify the reduction in their greenhouse gas emissions. IIowever, it is worth noting that, although the software provides cities/counties with a sophisticated and useful tool, calculating emissions from energy use with precision is difficult. The model depends upon numerous assumptions, and it is limited by the quantity and quality of available data. With this in mind, it is useful to think of any specific number generated by the model as an approximation, rather than an exact value. 2. Inventory Sources and Data Collection Process An inventory of greenhouse gas emissions requires the collection of information from a variety of sectors and sources. For community electricity and natural gas data, ICI,PI consulted Pacific Gas & Electric Company (PG&E). The Metropolitan Transportation Commission (MTC), Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), and Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) served as sources of transportation data. Solid waste data was gathered from StopWaste.Org, Waste Management, Tne., Alameda County Industries, Republic Services, lne. and the CLS. Environmental Protection Agency (LJ .S. EPA). Cynthia Battenberg, Assistant to City Manager at the City of San I,eandro, coordinated the City's municipal data collection process. City of San Leandro Baseline Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventory 6