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Sets forth the process and procedures for incorporating broadband into all infrastructure projects. CETF Establishes an ongoing role for the City to play in identifying broadband needs and working proactively with businesses and service providers to meet those needs. San Leandro Requires conduit space within joint utility trenches for future high speed data transmission systems. CETF Incorporates routine placement of broadband conduit into utility undergrounding programs. San Leandro Requires installation of broadband conduit as a part of any suitable public works project. HR 1695 Identifies local public rights-of-way and public facilities that can be used for broadband deployment. CETF Makes the use of public assets available to all providers on a competitive basis, commensurate with adopted policies regarding public benefits. CETF Authorizes longer-term “evergreen” permits that provide a right to providers to enter specified easements to upgrade their infrastructure for an indefinite or significant period of time (such as 20 years) to upgrade the broadband service consistent with the adopted policies. CETF Support for Smart Infrastructure and Connected Communities Accommodates high technology, broadband intensive businesses in zoning ordinances and procedures. San Leandro Specifies “smart building” requirements for land use and construction permits for all projects (public, commercial, residential, industrial). CETF San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 61 Policy Benchmark Source Promotes the provision of broadband infrastructure in all public buildings, major transportation and other infrastructure projects and commercial developments. CETF Requires projects to provide broadband connectivity and include the infrastructure components necessary to support broadband. CETF Incorporate into conditional use permits the requirements to ensure continuity of broadband service and periodic upgrades (such as every 10 years) to state-of-art broadband technologies. CETF Encourages broadband providers to size underground and overhead facilities to accommodate future expansion, changes in technology, and where possible the facilities of other telecommunications and utility providers. CETF Establishes a telecommuting program for employees. CETF Encourages local businesses to develop telecommuting programs. CETF Articulate the interest of the jurisdiction in monitoring the reliability and quality of broadband connectivity in the local jurisdiction and ensuring appropriate speed availability. CETF Protection for Environmental Quality and Visual Aesthetics Sets forth the process and procedures for preventing and/or mitigating environmental impacts and protecting and/or preserving visual integrity of jurisdiction. CETF Efficiency of Government Operations and Delivery of Services Directs how government operations and services are to be provided online. CETF Streamline and provide online access to business and development permit processes. Santa Cruz Establishes an "open data" policy. Santa Cruz Requires all public works projects include broadband conduit to be useable by multiple government agencies. Nevada County Leverages City budget to stimulate demand for broadband facilities. S-23-06 Participation in regional and statewide planning and standards organizations. CETF San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 62 16.Appendix E – Reference Material Links at: http://www.tellusventure.com/community/presentations/sl/Broadband Deployment in California, California Public Utilities Commission, May 2005. Building broadband: Strategies and policies for the developing world, World Bank, January 2010. Canada’s Productivity Dilemma: The Role of Computers and Telecom, Bell Canada, March 2005. Case study: $12 million raised for regional fiber optic network on California's central coast, Tellus Venture Associates, March 2010 City of Palo Alto fiber market research report, Tellus Venture Associates, May 2011. Connecting California: Broadband Update, California Public Utilities Commission, September 2006. Economic Effects of Increased Broadband Use in California, Sacramento Regional Research Institute, November 2007 (prepared for AT&T). Economics of WiFi-based Metropolitan Internet Service: A Postmortem on the Wireless Internet Utility, Tellus Venture Associates, November 2008 Encroachments Permit Manual, Caltrans, January 2009. Fiber Optic Network Master Plan, City of Victorville, July 2005. Financial Analysis of FTTH System Proposals: An Operations-Based Approach, Tellus Venture Associates, October 2005. Getting Connected for Economic Prosperity and Quality of Life: A Resource Guide for Local and Regional Government Leaders to Promote Broadband Deployment and Adoption, California Emerging Technology Fund, October 2010. Guide to the Legal Aspects of Trench Cuts, Metropolitan Transportation Commission, September 1999. Living in a Networked World: Humboldt County Telecommunications Infrastructure and Usage Assessment, Tina Nerat, NERATech, December 2004. The State of Connectivity: Building Innovation through Broadband, final report of the California Broadband Task Force, January 2008. San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 63 Strategies for effective communication in the new digital media landscape, Santa Cruz City Council Ad Hoc Committee on Technology, September 2011. Technology Master Plan, City of Grover Beach, February 2010. Telecommunications Master Plan, City of Corona, November 2002. WiMAX feasibility study for the City of Folsom, Tellus Venture Associates, November 2005 Wireless broadband feasibility study for the City of Oakland, Tellus Venture Associates, August 2009 San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 64 17.Appendix F – Glossary ADSL Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line: DSL service with a larger portion of the capacity devoted to downstream communications, less to upstream. Typically thought of as a residential service. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode: A data service offering by ASI, that can be used for interconnection of customer’s LAN. ATM provides service from 1 Mbps to 145 Mbps utilizing Cell Relay Packets. Backhaul Connecting Internet access to a location over long or short distances. Traditionally, wired networks have been necessary for backhaul, but with 802.16, also known as WiMAX, backhaul via wireless will become even more common than it is with WiFi. Bandwidth The amount of data transmitted in a given amount of time; usually measured in bits per second, kilobits per second, and megabits per second. Bit A single unit of data, either a one or a zero. In the world of broadband, bits are used to refer to the amount of transmitted data. A kilobit (Kb) is approximately 1,000 bits. A megabit (Mb) is approximately 1,000,000 bits. Broadband “Broadband” refers generally to any telecommunications service capable of supporting digital data transmission at high speeds. These services can include and/or support Internet, television, telephone, private data networks and various specialized uses. Broadband service can be delivered in a variety of ways, including telephone lines (e.g. DSL), coaxial cable (e.g. cable modem), fiber optic cable (e.g. Lit San Leandro), wireless cellular/mobile service (e.g. cell phones, tablets, wireless modems), WiFi, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint wireless service (e.g. TelePacific, Etheric) and hybrid networks (XO Communications). Although different organizations use different criteria, the California Public Utilities Commission considers 6 Mbps download and 1.5 Mbps upload speed to be a standard for adequate broadband service availability. Unless otherwise stated, this report uses the CPUC definition. Byte The amount of memory space needed to store one character, which is normally 8 bits. San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 65 Cable modem A device that hooks to your cable TV line to allow your computer to receive data at about 1.5 Mbps. The theoretical maximum for downstream transactions is 27 Mbps and 2.5 Mbps upstream, but the connection is usually much slower because the provider may be hooked to the Internet via a T-1 line. CDMA The type of digital cellular phone network used throughout most of the United States, but rare elsewhere in the world. CDMA stands for Code Division Multiple Access, and CDMA2000 1x is the third-generation, or 3G, extension to which CDMA cellular operators are upgrading their networks. It is a digital cellular technology that uses spread-spectrum techniques. Unlike competing systems, such as GSM, that use TDMA, CDMA does not assign a specific frequency to each user. Instead, every channel uses the full available spectrum. Individual conversations are encoded with a pseudo-random digital sequence. CDMA consistently provides better capacity for voice and data communications than other commercial mobile technologies, allowing more subscribers to connect at any given time, and it is the common platform on which 3G technologies are built. Cell The geographic area covered by a cellular telephone transmitter. A connected group of cells form a cell system, which is what you gain access to when you sign up for cellular telephone service. Cellular A mobile communications system that uses a combination of radio transmission and conventional telephone switching to permit telephone communications to and from mobile users within a specified area. CLEC Competitive Local Exchange Carrier: Wireline service provider that is authorized under state and Federal rules to compete with ILECs to provide local telephone service. CLECs provide telephone services in one of three ways or a combination thereof: a) by building or rebuilding telecommunications facilities of their own, b) by leasing capacity from another local telephone company (typically an ILEC) and reselling it, and c) by leasing discreet parts of the ILEC network referred to as UNEs. San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 66 Coaxial cable A type of cable that can carry large amounts of bandwidth over long distances. Cable TV and cable modem service both utilize this technology. Commercial grade Broadband service similar to residential service in that the provider takes effectively all responsibility for installing, maintaining and supporting the service. Speeds are similar (6 to 100 Mbps), but service levels, reliability, consistency and pricing are higher. CPCN Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity: Authorization given by the CPUC to telecommunications carriers in order to provide service in the state of California. Dial-Up A technology that provides customers with access to the Internet over an existing telephone line. DS3 A dedicated phone connection supporting data rates of about 43Mbps (megabits per second). Also called a T-3, the line actually consists of 672 individual channels, each of which supports 64Kbps. DS3 lines are used mainly by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) connecting to the Internet backbone. Large businesses also use DS3 lines when they have large sites to interconnect. DSL A common form of broadband Internet connection. DSL stands for Digital Subscriber Line. E-Rate A Federal program that provides subsidy for voice and data lines to qualified schools, hospitals, CBOs, and other qualified institutions. The subsidy is based on a percentage designated by the FCC. CTF benefits are calculated net of the E-rate subsidy. E911 Enhanced 911, an emergency service that automatically sends phone number and location information to the operator. E911 comes in handy, say, when you need to get emergency help and are unable to speak or don't know your location. Ethernet The most common networking standard in the world, formally known as IEEE 802.3. Fixed wireless The operation of wireless devices in a specific location, such as an office. This term is usually reserved for devices that need to be plugged in to operate, such as a desktop computer. If it runs off a battery, it's not fixed wireless. The point-to-point point signal transmissions occur through the air over a terrestrial microwave San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 67 platform rather than through copper or fiber cables; therefore, fixed wireless does not require satellite feeds or local phone service. The advantages of fixed wireless include the ability to connect with users in remote areas without the need for laying new cables and the capacity for broad bandwidth that is not impeded by fiber or cable capacities. FTTN Fiber To The Neighborhood: A hybrid network architecture involving optical fiber from the carrier network, terminating in a neighborhood cabinet with converts the signal from optical to electrical. FTTP Fiber To The Premise (Or FTTB Gigahertz A measure of electromagnetic wave frequency equal to one thousand million (1,000,000,000) hertz, often abbreviated as GHz and used to specify the radio frequency used by wireless devices. 802.11a networks operate at 5 GHz. 802.11b and g networks use 2.4 GHz, which is susceptible to interference from nearby cordless phones and microwave ovens that use the same frequency. GPON Gigabyte-Capable Passive Optical Network: GPON uses a different, faster approach (up to 2.5 Gbit/s in current products) than BPON. GSM Global System for Mobile Communications: This is the current radio/telephone standard in Europe and many other countries except Japan and the United States. Hub A common connection point for devices, such as computers and printers, in a network. ILEC Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier. An ILEC is a telephone company that was providing local service when the Telecommunications Act of 1996 was enacted. Compare with CLEC, a company that competes with the already established local telephone business. Industrial grade Broadband service where the customer plays a much greater role in provisioning and supporting the service, including buying different elements from different vendors and managing installation and support. Speeds would be higher – perhaps as high as a Gigabit per second or more – and quality of service levels could be as high as Tier 1. Comcast’s Business Class service or AT&T’s business DSL service are examples examples of San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 68 commercial grade service. A DS-3 or dark fiber strands are examples of industrial grade service. Inet Institutional Network. Provides a high-speed connection between government, educational and community entities. It is often negotiated with a cable franchise, in exchange for using right-of-way in a jurisdiction. ISP Internet Service Provider: A company providing Internet access to consumers and businesses, acting as a bridge between customer (end-user) and infrastructure owners for dial-up, cable modem and DSL services. LAN Local Area Network: A geographically localized network consisting of both hardware and software. The network can link workstations within a building or multiple computers with a single wireless Internet connection. Last mile Infrastructure (e.g. fiber optic lines, distribution boxes, equipment vaults, poles, conduit) that provides broadband service to end users or end-user devices (including households, and businesses). Local Loop A generic term for the connection between the customer’s customer’s premises (home, office, etc.) and the provider’s serving central office. Historically, this has been a wire connection; however, wireless options are increasingly available for local loop capacity. MAN Metropolitan Area Network: A high-speed date intra-city network that links multiple locations with a campus, city or LATA. A MAN typically extends as far as 50 kilometers. Mbps Megabits per second: 1,000,000 bits per second. A measure of how fast data can be transmitted. Middle mile Broadband infrastructure that does not predominantly provide broadband service to end users or to end-user devices, and may include interoffice transport, backhaul, Internet connectivity, or special access. Middle mile facilities are the link between last mile facilities and major interconnection points, such as those that form the core of the Internet. Modem Short for modulator/demodulator. A modem modulates outgoing digital data into analog signals so they can be sent over copper San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 69 phone lines, and demodulates incoming analog signals into digital. Overbuilders Building excess capacity. In this context, it involves investment in additional infrastructure project to provide competition. PON Passive Optical Network: A Passive Optical Network consists of an optical line terminator located at the Central Office and a set of associated optical network terminals located at the customer’s premise. Between them lies the optical distribution network comprised of fibers and passive splitters or couplers. In a PON network, a single piece of fiber can be run from the serving exchange out to a subdivision or office park, and then individual fiber strands to each building or serving equipment can be split from the main fiber using passive splitters /couplers. This allows for an expensive piece of fiber cable from the exchange to the customer to be shared amongst many customers thereby dramatically lowering the overall costs of deployment for fiber to the business (FTTB) or fiber to the home (FTTH) applications. Rights-of-Way Legal rights of passage over land owned by another. Carriers and service providers must obtain rights-of-way to dig trenches or plant poles for cable systems, and to place wireless antennae. Router An intelligent network device that goes one step beyond bridging by converting address-based protocols that describe how packets move from one place to another. In practice, this generally comes down to translating between IP addresses and MAC addresses for data flowing between your local network and the Internet. Many people use the term interchangeably with "gateway." You must enter the IP address of your router when configuring network settings manually. Subscribership Subscribership is how many customers have subscribed for a particular telecommunications service. Switched Network A domestic telecommunications network usually accessed by telephones, key telephone systems, private branch exchange trunks, and data arrangements. T-1 The T-1 standard was introduced in 1961 in order to support a bi-directional speed of 1.5 Mbps at a high quality-of-service level, using the copper wires of the time. Because it is a dedicated and managed circuit, its performance is usually San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 70 substantially better than shared services such as DSL or cable modem, even in cases where the claimed top speed of those shared services is many times higher. A T-1 circuit is generally considered to be the lowest level of service that can be described as industrial or carrier grade. Telco An abbreviation for Telephone Company. Telecommunications Refers to all types of data transmission, from voice to video. Throughput The amount of data that can be transmitted in a given amount of time. Throughput is commonly measured in bits per second. (Although throughput is not really a measurement of speed, most people, including us, use the word "speed" when talking about a high-throughput network.) Universal Service The idea of providing every home in the United States with basic telephone service. Videoconferencing Conducting a conference between two or more participants at different sites by using computer networks to transmit audio and video data. VLAN Virtual Local Area Network. A network of computers that behave as if they are connected to the same wire even though they may actually be physically located on different segments of a LAN. VoIP Voice Over Internet Protocol: A new technology that employs a data network (such as a broadband connection) to transmit voice conversations. VPN A method of creating an encrypted tunnel through which all traffic passes, preventing anyone from snooping through transmitted and received data. VPN stands for virtual private network. WAN Wide Area Network, A collection of local area networks connected by a variety of physical means. The Internet is the largest and most well-known wide area network. Wide area network is generally abbreviated to WAN. WiFi Short for wireless fidelity and is meant to be used generically when referring of any type of 802.11 network, whether 802.11b, 802.11a, dual-band, etc. The term is promulgated by the WiFi Alliance. Any products tested and approved as "WiFi Certified" (a registered trademark) by the WiFi Alliance are San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 71 certified as interoperable with each other, even if they are from different manufacturers. A user with a "WiFi Certified" product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that also is certified. Typically, however, any WiFi product using the same radio frequency (for example, 2.4 GHz for 802.11b or 11g, 5 GHz for 802.11a) will work with any other, even if not "WiFi Certified." Formerly, the term "WiFi" was used only in place of the 2.4 GHz 802.11b standard, in the same way that "Ethernet" is used in place of IEEE 802.3. The Alliance expanded the generic use of the term in an attempt to stop confusion about wireless LAN interoperability. WiMAX Another name for the 802.16 wireless networking specification used for long-haul and backhaul connections. Wireless ISP A company that provides wireless Internet access. The term is often abbreviated to WISP. WLAN Wireless Local Access Network, a LAN that can be connected to via a wireless connection. Sources: Tellus Venture Associates, Associates, California Public Utilities Commission, Neratech, Wikipedia. San Leandro Commercial Broadband Strategy 16 July 2012 Tellus Venture Associates Page 72 City of San Leandro Meeting Date: September 17, 2012 Minute Order -Council File Number: 12-448 Agenda Section: ACTION ITEMS Agenda Number: TO: City Council FROM: Chris Zapata City Manager BY: Lianne Marshall Assistant City Manager FINANCE REVIEW: Not Applicable TITLE: MOTION: Motion Establishing the Broadband Connection Business Incentive Program as an Eligible Use of the FY 2012-13 Funding Appropriation for Business Incentive Programs City of San Leandro Page 1 Printed on 9/11/2012