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2 EXISTING CONDITIONS San Leandro Crosstown Corridors Study 2-11 demands at these locations and may be candidate locations for a marked crosswalk. Signalized Crosswalks There are eight signalized intersections on the corridor, all of which have marked crosswalks. Some intersections have legs where pedestrian crossing is prohibited, like the south leg of the Callan Avenue/ Bancroft Avenue intersection. As noted above, many pedestrian collisions occur as conflict with left-turning vehicles. All of the signals have a protected turn phase for at least one leg of the intersection and for some part of the signal phase. 14 th Street intersection has fully protected left turn phases on all legs. Key intersections like Dutton Avenue, Callan Avenue, and Estudillo Avenue have protected and permitted left turn phases. Permitted left turns at many signals mean that left turning vehicles must yield to both oncoming traffic and pedestrians in the crosswalk. This creates potential conflicts between pedestrians and drivers whose attention was focused on oncoming vehicles. Some signalized intersections have pedestrian safety enhancements, such as a pedestrian scramble at 136th Avenue and the new protected left-turn phase at Sybil Avenue. These types of improvements could be considered at other locations to enhance pedestrian safety. Traffic Stress Analysis Like bicycle comfort, pedestrian comfort is based on a variety of factors on both roadway segments and at intersections. Multiple variables ranging from the quality and presence of sidewalk to the conditions of the adjacent roadway (speed, number of travel lanes, and frequency of trucks) influence the pedestrian StreetScore+ methodology.2 Each variable is scored 1 through 4, with the highest stress (lowest comfort) condition resulting in the composite score. Bancroft Avenue generally receives a StreetScore+ rating of 2 in wider areas and 3 in areas with rolled curbs. 2 Fehr & Peers: https://www.fehrandpeers.com/streetscore/ What is a Crosswalk? A crosswalk is a location where crossing the street is legal per the California Vehicle Code. Unless otherwise prohibited, at intersections with sidewalk on each side of the street and where two streets generally meet at right angles, crosswalks are considered legal at each leg of the intersection, whether they are “marked” or “unmarked,” as described below. Crosswalks are primarily classified by three characteristics: whether they are marked or unmarked; controlled or uncontrolled; and at an intersection or mid-block. Marked Crosswalks are demarcated with striping on the street, typically two white stripes that define an area in which pedestrians may cross the street. To increase a crosswalk’s visibility by drivers, these are sometimes marked to look like a ladder. In school zones, these markings are yellow. The City of San José Complete Streets Design Guidelines include a flowchart indicating when to mark crosswalks based on pedestrian demand, frequency, land use factors, and engineering considerations. If those conditions are not met, leaving the crosswalk as an unmarked crosswalk may be appropriate. Unmarked Crosswalks have no striping, but provide legal protection for pedestrians to cross the street at these locations. Marked crosswalks reinforce the location and legitimacy of a pedestrian crossing, but engineering factors, such as roadway characteristics and safety considerations, guide whether or not a crosswalk should be marked. Drivers are still required to yield to pedestrians at unmarked crosswalks. Controlled Crosswalks have a traffic signal or stop-sign that require vehicles to come to a complete stop in order to give pedestrians an opportunity to cross. The installation of traffic signals and stop-signs are regulated by the state and certain engineering warrants must be met before they can be installed. Uncontrolled Crosswalks have no traffic control. Controlled crosswalks typically provide maximum safety benefit in requiring vehicles to stop for pedestrians; however, these treatments are not appropriate on all roadways. On some roadways, uncontrolled crosswalks can be safe and the most appropriate treatment. In addition, crosswalks may be located at an intersection where two streets meet; or mid-block, between intersections. Mid-block crosswalks typically require additional considerations, as drivers may not expect to see pedestrians crossing in the middle of the block. DRA F T