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19 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN 3. DIRECTION, CONTROL, AND COORDINATION 3.1. NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NIMS) AND STANDARDIZED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SEMS) The City of San Leandro manages all incidents according to the principles outlined in NIMS and SEMS. Both NIMS and SEMS are rooted in Incident Command System (ICS) concepts. ICS provides a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordinatfon of on-scene incident management that outlines a common hierarchy within which personnel from multfple organizatfons can be successful. ICS specifies an organizatfonal structure for incident management that integrates and coordinates a combinatfon of procedures, personnel, equipment, facilitfes, and communicatfons.15 NIMS NIMS is a comprehensive, systematfc approach to incident management that is flexible and scalable to all incident types. The NIMS structure integrates existfng best practfces into a consistent, natfonwide approach to domestfc incident management applicable at all jurisdictfonal levels and across functfonal disciplines. NIMS allows government agencies at all levels, the private sector, and non-governmental organizatfons to work seamlessly to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitfgate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, locatfon, or complexity.16 SEMS SEMS unifies all elements of California’s emergency management community into a single integrated system and standardizes critfcal incident response elements. Emergency response agencies throughout California use SEMS to provide the fundamental structure for the response phase of emergency management.17 The foundatfon of SEMS is built on the following concepts: • Incident Command System: A field-level emergency response system based on management by objectfves. • Multi/Inter-Agency Coordination: Affected agencies working together to coordinate allocatfons of resources and emergency response actfvitfes. • Mutual Aid: A system for obtaining additfonal emergency resources from non-affected jurisdictfons. • Operational Area Concept: Individual countfes and sub-divisions coordinate damage informatfon, resource requests, and emergency response. A primary concept of SEMS is that all incident response is managed at the lowest possible organizatfonal level. The complexity of the incident ultfmately determines the response capabilitfes needed. The SEMS framework allows the City of San Leandro, other local jurisdictfons within the Alameda County OA, and other regional and state partners to integrate seamlessly into the response organizatfon. The organizatfonal levels of SEMS include: 15 https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/is/icsresource/assets/ics%20organizatfonal%20structure%20and%20elements.pdf 16 https://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf 17 https://www.caloes.ca.gov/office-of-the-director/operatfons/planning-preparedness-preventfon/planning- preparedness/standardized-emergency-management-system/