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19 CITY OF SAN LEANDRO EMERGENCY OPERATIONS PLAN 3. DIRECTION, CONTROL, AND COORDINATION 3.1. NATIONAL INCIDENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (NIMS) AND STANDARDIZED EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SEMS) The City of San Leandro manages all incidents according to the principles outlined in NIMS and SEMS. Both NIMS and SEMS are rooted in Incident Command System (ICS) concepts. ICS provides a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordina�on of on-scene incident management that outlines a common hierarchy within which personnel from mul�ple organiza�ons can be successful. ICS specifies an organiza�onal structure for incident management that integrates and coordinates a combina�on of procedures, personnel, equipment, facili�es, and communica�ons.15 NIMS NIMS is a comprehensive, systema�c approach to incident management that is flexible and scalable to all incident types. The NIMS structure integrates exis�ng best prac�ces into a consistent, na�onwide approach to domes�c incident management applicable at all jurisdic�onal levels and across func�onal disciplines. NIMS allows government agencies at all levels, the private sector, and non-governmental organiza�ons to work seamlessly to prevent, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mi�gate the effects of incidents, regardless of cause, size, loca�on, or complexity.16 SEMS SEMS unifies all elements of California’s emergency management community into a single integrated system and standardizes cri�cal incident response elements. Emergency response agencies throughout California use SEMS to provide the fundamental structure for the response phase of emergency management.17 The founda�on of SEMS is built on the following concepts: • Incident Command System: A field-level emergency response system based on management by objec�ves. • Mul�/Inter-Agency Coordina�on: Affected agencies working together to coordinate alloca�ons of resources and emergency response ac�vi�es. • Mutual Aid: A system for obtaining addi�onal emergency resources from non-affected jurisdic�ons. • Opera�onal Area Concept: Individual coun�es and sub-divisions coordinate damage informa�on, resource requests, and emergency response. A primary concept of SEMS is that all incident response is managed at the lowest possible organiza�onal level. The complexity of the incident ul�mately determines the response capabili�es needed. The SEMS framework allows the City of San Leandro, other local jurisdic�ons within the Alameda County OA, and other regional and state partners to integrate seamlessly into the response organiza�on. The organiza�onal levels of SEMS include: 15 htps://training.fema.gov/emiweb/is/icsresource/assets/ics%20organiza�onal%20structure%20and%20elements.pdf 16 htps://www.fema.gov/sites/default/files/2020-07/fema_nims_doctrine-2017.pdf 17 htps://www.caloes.ca.gov/office-of-the-director/opera�ons/planning-preparedness-preven�on/planning- preparedness/standardized-emergency-management-system/