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5 Executive Summary: Key Findings A. Demographics Poverty has increased. In San Leandro, the percentage of residents in poverty decreased from 6% in 1970 to 4.6% in 1980, nearly doubled between 1980 and 2010, to 8.6%, and then increased to 10.6% in 2011-15. From 2000 to 2011-15, the number of people in poverty in San Leandro rose from 5,000 to approximately 9,300.1 Poverty rates vary by race/ethnicity, with the highest rates among Latino, African American, and Asian residents of San Leandro, among whom roughly one in eight are below the poverty level. Asians comprise the largest number in poverty (an estimated 3,335), followed by Latinos (estimated at just under 3,000). While the poverty rate of white residents is just over half the rate for Latino and African American residents, whites are the third-largest group of San Leandro residents in poverty (estimated at just over 1,400). Language access is a key consideration in planning for and delivering human services. In San Leandro, more than half of the roughly 21,500 people who speak Asian or Pacific Island languages, and half of the estimated 16,800 who speak Spanish at home, speak English less than very well. San Leandro children under 18 have the highest poverty rate among age groups (13.8%) and elders age 65 and over have the lowest poverty rate (8.2%). Children under 18 are the second-largest age group among people below the poverty level at just over 2,500, while the largest group of people in poverty are neither children nor elders, but adults ages 35-64 (nearly 3,700 people). B. Populations Facing Gaps Interviews with stakeholders, focus groups, and data analysis surfaced the needs of particularly vulnerable groups. The human services needs of these populations must be part of planning for and evaluating human services, both within the city and at the county level. i. Young Children San Leandro’s kindergarteners are less likely than their peers in Alameda County to be ready for kindergarten. In San Leandro, and in the county as a whole, attending preschool is associated with higher levels of school readiness. However, only 50% of kindergarteners in SLUSD had attended preschool.2 The partnership between the Library and the Recreation and Human Services 1 US Census 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2010 retrieved from Bay Area Census http://www.bayareacensus.ca.gov/.). American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for 2011-2015. 2 Applied Survey Research. (2015) School Readiness in San Leandro Unified School District: 2013 Assessment. Accessed at http://www.first5alameda.org/files/eval/School_Readiness_Report_2013_San_Leandro_4_23_14.pdf .