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7 their grandchildren are particularly vulnerable to economic insecurity and unmet physical and mental health needs, both for the children and the grandparents.8 In San Leandro, an estimated 6.8% of households with children comprise grandparents raising their grandchildren, and nearly one in five households headed by a single woman (an estimated 18.5%) is a grandmother raising her grandchildren.9 An estimated 57% of seniors who rent their housing were housing-cost burdened in San Leandro because their rent was more than 30% of their income.10 iv. People with Disabilities San Leandrans with disabilities already are a population with substantial needs and are particularly vulnerable to the likely cuts and changes to Medicaid (e.g. block granting). Medicaid plays a critical role in the wellbeing of people with disabilities by funding both acute health care and the kinds of long-term services and supports that enable people with disabilities to live in their homes and communities rather than in institutional care.11 According to Eden I&R, the agency that operates the resource and referral line called 2-1-1, of the 1,644 unduplicated clients from San Leandro served by 2-1-1 in 2015, 38% were people with disabilities.12 v. Immigrants In San Leandro, immigrants make up an estimated 35% of the population, 60% of whom are Asian and nearly 30% of whom are Latino. Foreign-born residents of San Leandro are far more likely to have less than a high school education (30% among immigrants versus 8% among those born in the U.S.). They are slightly more likely to be employed (69% versus 66%) and slightly more likely to be below poverty (12% compared to 10%).13 In two interviews, Arabic-speaking immigrant families from the Middle East were mentioned as a special population in need of services. Additionally, 1,292 unaccompanied minors who had been apprehended by immigration authorities were released to sponsors in Alameda County from October 2013 through October 2016.14 8 Padilla-Frausto DI and Wallace SP. The High Cost of Caring: Grandparents Raising Grandchildren. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Center for Health Policy Research, 2013. 9 US Census. (2015) American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for 2010-14. 10 American Community Survey, as cited in Alameda County. (2016) Alameda County Plan for Older Adults. Accessed at https://alamedasocialservices.org/public/services/elders_and_disabled_adults/docs/planning_committee/5.2016_Cou nty_Area_Plan.pdf. 11 Kaiser Family Foundation. (2017) Medicaid at 50. “People with Disabilities.” Accessed at http://kff.org/report- section/medicaid-at-50-people-with-disabilities/ 12 Eden I&R, 2-1-1 Summary by City, 7/1/2014 Through 6/30/2015. Accessed at http://www.edenir.org/reports.html 13 US Census. (2015) American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for 2011-15. 14 Office of Refugee Resettlement. (2016) Unaccompanied Minors Released to Sponsors by County. Accessed at https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/unaccompanied-children-released-to-sponsors-by-county